Chemicals & their Common Chemical Names

Acid of sugar —oxalic acid 
ackey —nitric acid 
alum —aluminum potassium sulfate 
alumina —aluminum oxide 
antichlor —sodium thiosulfate 
antifreeze —ethylene glycol 
aqua fortis —nitric acid 
aqua regia —nitrohydrochloric acid 
arsenic glass —arsenic trioxide
azurite —mineral form of basic copper carbonate
asbestos —magnesium silicate
aspirin —acetylsalicylic acid
baking soda —sodium bicarbonate
benzol —benzene
bitter salt —magnesium sulfate
black ash —crude form of sodium carbonate
black lead —graphite (carbon)
bleaching powder —chlorinated lime; calcium hypochlorite
blue vitriol —copper sulfate
bone ash —crude calcium phosphate
brine —aqueous sodium chloride solution
calomel —mercury chloride; mercurous chloride
caustic lime —calcium hydroxide
caustic soda —sodium hydroxide
chalk —calcium carbonate
diamond —carbon crystal
epsom salt —magnesium sulfate
ethanol —ethyl alcohol
fluorspar —natural calcium fluoride
Glauber's salt —sodium sulfate
green vitriol —ferrous sulfate crystals
gypsum —natural calcium sulfate
heavy spar —barium sulfate
Indian red —ferric oxide
laughing gas —nitrous oxide
lime —calcium oxide
lime (unslaked/quick/burnt) —calcium oxide
lime (slaked) —calcium hydroxide
limewater —aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide
litharge —lead monoxide
magnesia —magnesium oxide
marble —mainly calcium carbonate
methanol —methyl alcohol
oil of vitriol —sulfuric acid
orthophosphoric acid— phosphoric acid
pearl ash —potassium carbonate
plaster of Paris —calcium sulfate
potash —potassium carbonate
pyro —tetrasodium pyrophosphate
quicksilver —mercury
red liquor —aluminum acetate solution
Rochelle salt —potassium sodium tartrate
rock salt —sodium chloride
silica —silicon dioxide
slaked lime —calcium hydroxide
soda ash —sodium carbonate
soluble glass —sodium silicate
sour water —dilute sulfuric acid
spirit of salt —hydrochloric acid
spirit of wine —ethyl alcohol
table salt —sodium chloride
table sugar —sucrose
talc or talcum —magnesium silicate
vinegar —impure dilute acetic acid
vitriol —sulfuric acid
washing soda —sodium carbonate
water glass —sodium silicate
white caustic —sodium hydroxide
white vitriol —zinc sulfate crystals